The traction elevator utilizes the balance principle of counterweight and car. The guide rails are located on both sides of the car, with uniform force and smooth operation. The car is driven up and down by a permanent magnet synchronous gearless traction host through a steel wire rope.

无机房曳引电梯机械结构图：

Mechanical structure diagram of inorganic room traction elevator:

曳引式电梯的优点：

Advantages of traction elevators:

1. 性好、运行平稳舒适、速度快。

1. Good safety, smooth and comfortable operation, and fast speed.

2. 漏油的可能性小，电机功率比较小，能耗低。

2. The possibility of oil leakage is low, the motor power is relatively low, and the energy consumption is low.

3. 使用寿命长因为使用对重来平衡轿厢，动滑轮结构让电梯使用寿命比其他平台长一倍以上。

3. Long service life due to the use of counterweights to balance the elevator car, and the movable pulley structure allows the elevator to have a service life that is more than twice that of other platforms.

4. 市场应用广，技术成熟，低于其他驱动方式的电梯。

4. The elevator has the widest market application, the most mature technology, and the price is lower than other driving methods.

曳引式电梯的缺点：

Disadvantages of traction elevators:

1. 对土建要求要高。如客户房子的高度太低（低于2600毫米）就无法安装，基坑深度要2500毫米以上。

1. High requirements for civil engineering. If the top floor height of the client's house is too low (less than 2600 millimeters), it cannot be installed, and the depth of the foundation pit should be more than 2500 millimeters.

2. 占用空间尺寸多(井道利用率56%) 。提供轿厢占用了一定空间，另外还要增加对重，所以要增加2根轨道。

2. The occupied space size is large (the utilization rate of the shaft is 56%). The provision of a lift car takes up a certain amount of space, and there is also a need to add counterweight, so 2 tracks need to be added.

3. 需要更为复杂的安装工艺。因为正常式曳引电梯结构复杂，各种控制部件、驱动部件、部件多。

3. More complex installation processes are required. Due to the complex structure of a normal traction elevator, there are many control components, driving components, and safety components.

强制驱动式电梯

Forced drive elevator

强驱式电梯的运行原理，是用一个固定在井道一端的卷扬机将轿厢吊起，术语上称为强制驱动电梯。强制驱动目前仍然用于各大建筑工地的卷扬机上，由于缺点比较明显，一般不用在平常的建筑内电梯上。

The operating principle of a forced drive elevator is to use a winch fixed at one end of the shaft to lift the car, which is technically referred to as a forced drive elevator. Forced drive is still used on winches at major construction sites, but due to its obvious drawbacks, it is generally not used on elevators in ordinary buildings.

强驱的主机可以放在上面也可以放在下面

The hard drive host can be placed on top or below

因为没有对重，所以将钢丝绳全部卷绕在主机上，对于钢丝绳寿命有很大影响

Because there is no counterweight, winding all the wire ropes on the main machine has a significant impact on the lifespan of the wire rope

强制驱动式电梯的优点：

Advantages of forced drive elevators:

1.结构简单，井道利用率比较高，能节约空间。（井道利用率：61%）强制驱动家用电梯只有两条悬挂钢丝绳，没有对重，卷扬机放在井道一端，所以它的井道利用率比曳引，液压都要高，但相对螺杆式升降平台要低4个点。

1. The structure is simple, the utilization rate of the shaft is relatively high, and it can save space. (Hoistway utilization rate: 61%) The forced drive household elevator only has two hanging steel wire ropes and no counterweight. The winch is placed at one end of the hoistway, so its hoistway utilization rate is higher than that of traction and hydraulic systems, but it is 4 points lower than that of screw type lifting platforms.

强制驱动式电梯的缺点：

Disadvantages of forced drive elevators:

1. 系数低，不太。需要定期检查钢丝绳及卷扬机的磨损状况。

1. The Factor of safety is low and not very safe. It is necessary to regularly check the wear condition of the steel wire rope and hoist.

2. 功耗大。所谓强制驱动，也就是强行将电梯轿厢吊起，中间没有任何借力的部件，功耗必然就高，一般同样的载重，能耗比正常曳引电梯高3-4倍。

2. High power consumption. The so-called forced drive refers to forcibly lifting the elevator car without any borrowed components, resulting in high power consumption. Generally, for the same load, the energy consumption is 3-4 times higher than that of a normal traction elevator.

3. 提升高度有限。  因为是卷扬机原理，当电梯上行的时候是把两根钢丝卷起在卷筒上，吊起轿厢，所以提升高度越高，钢丝卷的就越多，卷筒的长度就需要更长，但是在井道尺寸受限的情况下，没有办法安装那么长的卷筒。

3. The lifting height is limited. Because it is a winch principle, when the elevator goes up, two steel wires are rolled onto the drum to lift the car. Therefore, the higher the lifting height, the more steel wires are rolled, and the length of the drum needs to be longer. However, when the size of the shaft is limited, it is impossible to install such a long drum.

4. 钢丝绳以及卷筒的绳槽很容易磨损。

4. The grooves of the steel wire rope and drum are easily worn out.

5. 电梯钢丝拉伸太多。因为该电梯的悬挂只有两条钢丝绳，钢丝绳本身就有一定的弹性，如果轿厢里面的重量达到100公斤以上钢丝绳就会被拉长，轿厢就会下沉低于地坎平面（一般电梯少都是3根以上钢丝），甚还会发生不平层的现象。

5. The elevator steel wire is stretched too much. Because the suspension of the elevator only has two steel wire ropes, the steel wire ropes themselves have a certain degree of elasticity. If the weight inside the car reaches 100 kilograms or more, the steel wire ropes will be stretched, and the car will sink below the sill plane (usually elevators have at least three or more steel wires), and even uneven layers may occur.

螺杆式电梯

Screw elevator

螺杆式电梯近年因为结构简单、装修精美一下子在用户中流行起来，其机械原理比较容易理解：由一个电机带动螺母连着平台，沿着一根从顶到低的螺杆在封闭式的井框内做运动。

Screw elevators have become popular among Chinese users in recent years due to their simple structure and exquisite decoration. Their mechanical principle is relatively easy to understand: a motor drives a nut to connect to the platform, and moves along a top to bottom screw in a closed well frame.